香港大學(xué)面試:怎么看待人口老齡化問(wèn)題

時(shí)間：2022-12-09 11:58:48 面試問(wèn)題我要投稿

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　　Aging of the American Population

香港大學(xué)面試:怎么看待人口老齡化問(wèn)題

　　America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every ]00 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways - education, medicine, and business. The graying of America has made us a very different society--one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.

　　A person's age no longer tells you anything about his or her social position, marriage or health. There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year- old grandmother,or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time.

　　Many people say,"l am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age." No one says anymore," Act your age." We've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.

　　美國(guó)人口老齡化

　　美國(guó)正在變老。50年前，在美國(guó)每100個(gè)人里面只有4個(gè)人在65歲或65歲以上�，F(xiàn)在每100個(gè)美國(guó)人中有10個(gè)超過(guò)了65歲。人口老化將會(huì)在許多方面影響美國(guó)社會(huì)—教育。醫(yī)藥和商業(yè)。美國(guó)變老已經(jīng)使我們成為一個(gè)極為不同的社會(huì)，這個(gè)社會(huì)中人們對(duì)在不同的年齡適合做什么事情的觀點(diǎn)也大相徑庭。一個(gè)人的年齡不再能夠告訴你他或她的社會(huì)地位、婚姻以及健康狀況。人們上學(xué)，工作，結(jié)婚或者組建家庭也不再有確切的時(shí)間。使我們按部就班、告訴我們何時(shí)上學(xué)、工作或退休的社會(huì)時(shí)鐘也不再像從前那樣強(qiáng)大。我們聽(tīng)到29歲的大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)，35歲的祖母或70歲才頭次當(dāng)上爸爸這樣的消息時(shí)，也不會(huì)感到奇怪了。很多人都說(shuō)：“我比我父母在我這個(gè)年齡時(shí)年輕得多。”不會(huì)有人再說(shuō)：“做與年紀(jì)相符的事情�！蔽覀円呀�(jīng)不再以驚訝的目光注視老年人以年輕人的方式行事。

　　關(guān)于中國(guó)人口老齡化問(wèn)題

　　1．人口老齡化問(wèn)題正困擾著中國(guó)。

　　2．人口老齡化帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。

　　3．應(yīng)采取怎樣的措施，談?wù)勛约旱挠^點(diǎn)。

　　Aging of Population in China

　　Many countries will experience aging populations in the next century because of declining birth and mortality rates. China will soon join their ranks. According to statistics, the aging of China's population will approach its peak by the middle of the next century, with the percentage of the people aged beyond 60 making up 27.4 percent of the total. That means one out of every four people will be elderly.

　　As for the issue of aging, its situation has been growing increasingly severe in spite of the fact most people are still ignorant of the problems it brings about. Firstly, with families becoming smaller and living pace escalating, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. Secondly, aging causes a relative decline in working force in that fewer people have to support the increasing aged people. Consequently, the productivity of the whole society is affected to some extent. Thirdly and most importantly, the aging of population in China resulted from the successful implementation of family planning has not been synchronized with national economic progress.

　　The rapidity of the population's aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt they key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance shall be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service.

　　What's more, family care and community services shall also be encouraged.

　　在世界人口走向老齡化和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人口老齡化發(fā)展的同時(shí)，中國(guó)人口老齡化也在加劇。人口老齡化的產(chǎn)生，正是社會(huì)進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。中國(guó)人口轉(zhuǎn)變一般被認(rèn)為始于新中國(guó)成立，起先是死亡率明顯而迅速地下降。而全國(guó)性的生育率轉(zhuǎn)變則始于20世紀(jì)70年代初期國(guó)家計(jì)劃生育政策的介入，并迅速由高生育率水平轉(zhuǎn)向低生育率水平。這樣，人口的老齡化就導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力人口負(fù)擔(dān)不斷增大的問(wèn)題，影響了我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，并對(duì)相應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、法律制度等物質(zhì)及精神各方面的建設(shè)提出了新的要求。

　　針對(duì)這一情況全國(guó)老齡委發(fā)布了《中國(guó)老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展“十一五”規(guī)劃》，提出了“十一五”期間，中國(guó)在養(yǎng)老保障、醫(yī)療保障、社會(huì)救助等，以及老齡事業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、老年產(chǎn)業(yè)、老年精神文化生活等方面所要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)。我們既要正確認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)人口老齡化的形成原因、基本特征、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)以及可能產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)后果，更要弄清人口老齡化對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的影響。惟此，才能提高決策的科學(xué)性和可行性，解決好人口老齡化問(wèn)題，為實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)造有利的人口環(huán)境。通過(guò)對(duì)人口老齡化的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵的界定，明確我國(guó)人口老齡化的成因。通過(guò)對(duì)人口老齡化的演進(jìn)過(guò)程的研究，重點(diǎn)闡述我國(guó)人口老齡化的特征及其對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和家庭等各方面的影響，從而解決自身不足，提出解決人口老齡化問(wèn)題的相應(yīng)對(duì)策措施。

　　Of the world's population aging and the aging of the population in developed countries the same time, China's aging population has intensified. The aging of the population have is social progress and economic development. China's population changes are generally believed to have started in the founding of new China, the mortality rate is initially clear and rapid decline. And the national fertility rate change is the 20th century began in the early 1970s to the national family planning policy intervention and quickly from the high level of fertility to low fertility level. Thus, the aging of the population has led to the burden of the working population growing problems affecting China's social and economic development, as well as the corresponding infrastructure, legal system and other material and the spirit of building the new requirements. In view of this situation the National Committee on Aging issued a "development of the cause of aging," 11th Five-Year "plan" the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's old-age security, medical insurance, social relief, and the cause of aging infrastructure construction, older industries, the elderly spiritual and cultural life, and other fields to achieve the objectives and tasks. We should correctly understand China's population aging of the formation, basic features, Development trends and possible socio-economic consequences, more to be cognizant of the aging of the population and sustainable socio-economic operations development. Only then can we make decision-making more scientific and feasibility of solving the problem of aging population. to the implementation of a sustainable development strategy to create an enabling environment for the population. Based on the aging of the population scientific content defined clearly China's aging population causes. Based on the aging of the population evolution of the study focuses on the aging of China's population and the characteristics of the economy, society and the family, as well as the impact, so as to solve their own inadequate solve the problem of aging population in the corresponding countermeasures.

　　關(guān)鍵詞：

　　Key word:

　　人口老齡化

　　Population old age

　　人口負(fù)擔(dān)

　　Population burden

　　老年社會(huì)保障

　　Old age social security

　　可持續(xù)發(fā)展

　　Sustainable development

　　關(guān)鍵詞：人口老齡化人口負(fù)擔(dān) 老年社會(huì)保障可持續(xù)發(fā)展

　　Key word: Population old age population burden old age social securitysustainable development