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新概念英語第二冊第51課:Reward for virtue
Lesson 51 Reward for virtue對美德的獎賞First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why did Hughs diet not work?
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
參考譯文
我的朋友休一直很胖，但是近來情況變得越發(fā)糟糕，以致他決定節(jié)食。他是一星期前開始節(jié)食的。首先，他開列了一張長長的單子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的：黃油、土豆、米飯、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。昨天我去看望了他。我按響了門鈴，當看到休仍和往常一樣胖時，我并不感到驚奇。他把我領(lǐng)進屋，慌忙把一個大包藏到了桌子下面。顯然他感到很尷尬。當我問他正干什么時，他內(nèi)疚地笑了，然后把那個大包拿到了桌上。他解釋說，他的飲食控制得太嚴格了，以致不得不偶爾獎賞自己一下。接著他給我看了包里的東西。里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果！
New words and Expressions生詞和短語
reward
n.報償
virtue
n.美德
diet
n.節(jié)食
forbid
v.禁止
hurriedly
adv.匆忙地
embarrass
v.使尷尬
guiltily
adv.內(nèi)疚地
strict
adj.嚴格的
reward
v.給獎賞
occasionally
adv.偶爾地
Lesson 51自學導讀First things first課文詳注Further notes on the text
1．…but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.……但是近來情況變得越發(fā)糟糕，以致他決定節(jié)食。
（1）things（要用復數(shù)形式）可以表示“情況”、“情形”、“狀況”、“形勢”等含義：
Youve surely made things worse.
你確實使情況變得更糟了。
How are things going on with you?
你那里情況如何？
（2）get作不及物動詞時可以表示“變得”：
I got interested in French.
我（變得）對法語感興趣了。
I got angry with him.
我（變得）對他很生氣。
�。�3）diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調(diào)節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時通常與on連用：
The doctor put him on a strict diet.
醫(yī)生讓他嚴格控制飲食。
She is on a diet.
她正在節(jié)食。
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
我曾經(jīng)節(jié)食過一周，然后就放棄了。
2．First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.首先，他開列了一張長長的單子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
（1）first of all為固定短語，表示“首先”、“第一”：
First of all I must see your passport.
首先我必須看一下你的護照。
（2）write out這個短語表示“（正式）寫”、“寫出”或“全部寫出”：
You should write out a report.
你應(yīng)該寫一份報告。
3．The list included most of the things Hugh loves…這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的……
It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果！
include和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物，include則只表示其中的一部分：
It included three bags of sweets.
其中有3袋糖果。（另外還有其他東西）
contain的主語通常為某個容器，include則含義更廣：
Does the bill include a tip?
賬單包括小費嗎？
Were including you in our team.
我們把你列為我們隊中的一員了。
4．Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我去看望了他。
pay a visit to sb.表示“拜訪某人”：
I paid a visit to Jane the other day.
前幾天我去看望了簡。
5．…Hugh was still as fat as ever．……休仍和往常一樣胖。
as ever是as he ever was的省略形式。as…as ever這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示“照舊”、“依然”：
He is as strong as ever.
他依然那么強壯。
6．It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.顯然他感到很尷尬。
it為先行主語，真正的句子主語是that引導的從句，它在句子中起名詞的作用。從句作主語時通常前面用先行主語it，以免句子看上去頭重腳輕：
It is certain now that hell come on Monday.
現(xiàn)在可以肯定他星期一將會來。
語法Grammar in use
一般過去時
在第3課及第27課的語法中我們都學習了一般過去時。在一段文字中，初次使用一般過去時的時候通常要有明確的時間狀語，隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時間狀語；如果不加before, after等詞語，過去的動作就被認為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的：
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
一天下午，她乘小船從海岸出發(fā)，遇上了風暴。天將黑時，小船撞在了一塊礁石上，姑娘跳進了海里。
與一般過去時常用的兩個詞是once和recently：
I went on an excursion recently.
最近我作了一次短途旅行。
recently在表示“最近一段時期”時也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用：
I havent heard from him recently.
我最近沒有收到他的信。
一般過去時也可以用于時間狀語從句中：
When did she haer a noise?
她什么時候聽到響聲的?
She heard it when she walked forward.
她在向前走時聽到的。
一般過去時可以用于與最近的打算比較時:
Are they going to see a film?
他們打算看一場電影嗎?
I dont expect so.They saw one last week.
我想他們不會。他們上個星期剛看過一次。
詞匯學習Word study
1．raise與rise
�。�1）raise作動詞時只能作及物動詞，即它必須跟賓語。它可以表示“舉起”、“往上提”、“使……升高”等含義：
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
請那些同意我的人舉起手來好嗎？
Why did they raise prices?
他們?yōu)槭裁刺岣呶飪r？
（2）rise作動詞時通常為不及物動詞，表示“起立”、“起床”、“（日、月等）升起”等含義：
Youre still in bed and the sun has already risen!
你還在床上，太陽已經(jīng)升起來了！
I used to rise at half past six.
我過去常常6點半起床。
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
老師走進教室時所有的學生都起立。
2．lay與lie
（1）lay的過去式與過去分詞均為laid。它通常為及物動詞，表示“置”、“擱”、“鋪”、“準備”等：
Please lay the book open on the desk.
請把書打開放在書桌上。
I laid your clothes on the bed so yon could put them away.
我把你的衣服放在床上了，這樣你可以把它們收起來。
If you cant cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
你如果不會做飯，至少可以把桌子擺好。
�。�2）lie的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain。它是個不及物動詞，表示“躺”、“平臥”等：
Are you going to lie in bed all morning?
你打算在床上躺一上午嗎？
Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
（譯文同上）
We were so tired after last nights party that we lay in bed all morning.
昨晚的晚會之后我們非常疲勞，今天在床上躺了一上午。
3．beat與win
�。�1）beat作及物動詞時可以表示“打敗”、“戰(zhàn)勝”、“勝過”、“超過”：
They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
他們雖然人少，但打敗了敵人。
表示一個球隊打敗另一個球隊時也用beat。
�。�2）win作及物動詞時可以表示“在……獲勝（成功）”、“贏得”、“獲得”、“奪得”等：
Who won the race/the war?
誰贏了這場比賽/戰(zhàn)爭尸
We have won(it).
我們贏了。
重點詞匯與短語
reward
例句：They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog.（他們給了那個男孩 5 美元作為他找回丟失的狗的酬謝。）
例句：He received a reward for his bravery.（他因勇敢而獲得獎勵。）
常見搭配：in reward for（作為對…… 的報答）
n. 報酬；報答；酬謝；獎勵
v. 酬謝；獎勵；報答
virtue
例句：Honesty is a virtue.（誠實是一種美德。）
常見搭配：by virtue of（由于；憑借）
n. 美德；優(yōu)點；長處；貞操
diet
例句：Shes been dieting for months and has lost a lot of weight.（她已經(jīng)節(jié)食幾個月了，體重減輕了很多。）
例句：Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.（適當?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰】刀己苤匾＃?/p>
常見搭配：be on a diet（節(jié)食）
n. 飲食；食物；規(guī)定飲食
v. 節(jié)食；按規(guī)定飲食
forbid
例句：Smoking is forbidden in this building.（在這棟樓里禁止吸煙。）
用法：forbid sb. to do sth.（禁止某人做某事）；forbid doing sth.（禁止做某事）
v. 禁止；不許；阻止；妨礙（過去式：forbade，過去分詞：forbidden）
embarrassed
例句：He felt embarrassed when he realized his mistake.（當他意識到自己的錯誤時，他感到很尷尬。）
相關(guān)詞匯：embarrass（v. 使尷尬；使窘迫）；embarrassment（n. 尷尬；窘迫）
adj. 尷尬的；窘迫的；拮據(jù)的
guiltily
例句：He looked at me guiltily when I asked him about the broken vase.（當我問他關(guān)于打碎花瓶的事時，他內(nèi)疚地看著我。）
相關(guān)詞匯：guilty（adj. 有罪的；內(nèi)疚的）
adv. 內(nèi)疚地；有罪地
課文知識點
“so... that...” 結(jié)構(gòu)
在文中 “things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet”，“so... that...” 表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，引導結(jié)果狀語從句。so 后面接形容詞或副詞，that 后面接從句。
例句：The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.（這個箱子如此重，以至于我舉不起來。）
write out
意為 “寫出；開出（支票、藥方等）；全部寫出”，在文中 “he wrote out a long list of...” 表示 “他寫出一長串……”。
例句：Please write out the report in detail.（請詳細寫出這份報告。）
lead sb. into...
表示 “把某人領(lǐng)進……”，文中 “He led me into his room...” 就是這個用法。
例句：The waitress led us into a private room.（女服務(wù)員把我們領(lǐng)進一個包間。）
It was obvious that...
這是一個主語從句，it 作形式主語，真正的主語是 that 引導的從句。意為 “很明顯……”。
例句：It was obvious that she was lying.（很明顯她在說謊。）
reward oneself
表示 “獎勵自己”，文中 “he had to reward himself occasionally” 即 “他不得不偶爾獎勵自己”。
例句：After a hard weeks work, I like to reward myself with a big meal.（辛苦工作一周后，我喜歡用一頓大餐來獎勵自己。）
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