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高考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):定語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who (賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where when why 等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
如:①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
、贗 will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析:在句①中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)代指,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the days;而在句②中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)代指。
同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系副詞where 或why來(lái)代指;如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),則用which或that來(lái)代替。
如:①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作狀語(yǔ))
、赥his is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作賓語(yǔ))
注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason, place時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。如:
、 This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.
、 That is the reason (why) I did it.
、 This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
另外,定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如:
① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0
、 He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
解析:在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè),所以從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。
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