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2016年12月大學英語四級考試模擬試卷及答案(8)
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Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend Or did he envy my luck” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “l(fā)ucky dog” There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “ dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for”is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks Does what he says square with the tone of voice His posture The look in his eyes Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.
A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly
C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend
D) is sorry that his friends let him down
22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.
A) is just being friendly
B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”
C) is humorous to apply the word “dog”to people
D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words
23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.
A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye
B) to listen to how he pronounces his words
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend Or did he envy my luck” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “l(fā)ucky dog” There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.
“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks Does what he says square with the tone of voice His posture The look in his eyes Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.
A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly
C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend
D) is sorry that his friends let him down
22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.
A) is just being friendly
B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”
C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to people
D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words
23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.
A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye
B) to listen to how he pronounces his words
C) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture
D) not to believe what he says
24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.
A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaning
B) get along well with people
C) trust what other people say
D) have no doubts about our friends
25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.
A) avoid mistakes about both money and people
B) say things elegantly
C) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you
D) keep people friendly without trusting them
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
26.The stages of sleep take on ____.
A) an irregular aspect. B) a regular aspect C) a punctual aspect D) a similar aspect
27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.
A) about 80 minutes
B) about 4060 minutes
C) about 30 munutes
D) about 2040 minutes
28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.
A) stage 1 B) stage 2 and stage 3 C) stage 4 D) REM sleep
29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.
A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop movingD) gaze
30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.
A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutes
B) you have the deepest sleep
C) there are no brain waves
D) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active
Part Ⅱ 1
短文大意
本文與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ铌P(guān)系十分密切。在與人交談時，應(yīng)該體會說話者真正的意思，而不應(yīng)該只看表面意思，否則會造成誤解�？匆豢凑f話者的表情、眼神、說話的腔調(diào)，以及站立(或坐)的姿勢，看看這些是否與其語言相符合，這樣將會避免誤解。 21.答案B。
【參考譯文】 作者回憶起與他的朋友之間發(fā)生的事情，他會……
【試題分析】 此題考查對第一段的理解。
【詳細解答】 第一段倒數(shù)第二句說：“當我們回顧往事時，象這樣的疑惑 (即猜不透他人 的真正意思 )會使我們感到糟糕。”據(jù)此以及第一段中的往事可推知當他回憶他和朋友之間 發(fā)生的幾件事時，他感到可能沒有覺察出朋友們對他的真正感情，故 B正確。
22.答案D。
【參考譯文】 有人說“ You're a lucky dog.”時，他真正的含義是……
【試題分析】 此題考查結(jié)合上下文對句子的理解。
【詳細解答】 第二段的倒數(shù)第四句說 lucky dog“有點嫉妒之意”，因“dog”有點貶低 人，故 D正確而C錯。而“You're a lucky guy.”or“You're a lucky gal.”卻表示友好之意，故A和B皆錯。
23.答案C。
【參考譯文】 聽人說話時，重要的是把他所說的與他的表情、語調(diào)、姿勢相對照。
【試題分析】 此題考查對最后一段的理解。
【詳細解答】 見最后一段開頭的幾個問句。
24.答案A。
【參考譯文】 要是你接受作者的建議，你會怎么做。
【試題分析】 此題考查對全文主旨的理解。
【詳細解答】 由最后兩句話可知，作者建議我們仔細掂量以確定對方的真正含義，所以 應(yīng)選 A。
【作者建議】此題也可用排除法。
25.答案C。
【參考譯文】 本文力圖告訴你如何避免誤解別人對你講的話。
【試題分析】 此題考查對作者寫作意圖的了解。
【詳細解答】 文章第一段舉例說明我們在領(lǐng)會他人真正的意思上犯有錯誤， 接著舉例 說明人們所說的話是怎樣掩蓋了他們真正的意思，最后一段告訴我們?nèi)绾晤I(lǐng)會他人的真 正意思。全文都是圍繞“如何領(lǐng)會他人暗含之意”展開的，據(jù)此可推知 C正確。
2
短文大意
本文所涉及的是關(guān)于睡眠的幾個階段及其在各處階段的具體表現(xiàn)。一般睡眠經(jīng)歷四個時相(階段)的循環(huán)，第一時相即剛?cè)胨瘯r，眼球運動較頻繁，體溫略有下降，肌肉松弛，呼吸減慢而更有規(guī)律。大腦波減慢在開始的幾分鐘之內(nèi)以頻率很高的快波為主，接著的半小時左右，從第二時相進入第三時相睡眠，身體更放松，然后再過40至60分鐘會進入最深睡眠，即第四時相。第四時相的深度睡眠并不持續(xù)整個晚上，安睡80分鐘后，大腦活動又會輕微加強，眼球開始在眼皮底下轉(zhuǎn)動，這一階段持續(xù)8——15分鐘，稱為快波睡眠，身體迅速放松，睡眠會又一次由第一時相到第四時相，80分鐘之后再次回到即將醒來的狀態(tài)。
26.答案B。
【參考譯文】 睡眠的幾個階段呈現(xiàn)出……
【試題分析】 此題為理解題。
【詳細解答】 文章的第二句告訴我們睡眠的不同階段是周期性發(fā)生的，故睡眠的各階段
呈現(xiàn)規(guī)則的一面。
27.答案D。
【參考譯文】 第四階段 (時相)睡眠持續(xù)時間為……
【試題分析】 此題為推理題。
【詳細解答】 根據(jù)文章可知一個睡眠周期大約是 80分鐘，而stage 4 sleep是睡眠的最后階段，它發(fā)生在入睡后大約40至60分鐘時，據(jù)此可推出stage 4 sleep持續(xù)20至40分鐘。
28.答案C。
【參考譯文】 腦電波在哪個階段最慢？
【試題分析】 此題為細節(jié)推理題。
【詳細解答】 文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句說“睡得越深，腦電波就越慢”，而 stage 4 sleep 是睡得最深的，故腦電波也是最慢的。
29.答案B。
【參考譯文】 第二段中“ dart”一詞意為……
【試題分析】 此題考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測單詞意義的能力。
【詳細解答】 dart的后文說“眼睛好像看著發(fā)生在眼前的事”，又說“這種快速移動眼睛的階段叫 REM sleep”，據(jù)此可知dart意為move quickly or suddenly(飛快地移動)。glare怒目而視;gaze凝視。
30.答案D。
【參考譯文】 快波睡眠的特點之一是……
【試題分析】 此題考查細節(jié)推理能力。
【詳細解答】 從第二段第一、二句可知大腦運動水平會再度略有提高，而 delta波消失， 取代的是腦電波運動圖形。據(jù)此可知腦電波變得快了一點，大腦活躍些。而大的緩波和睡得 最深是 stage 4 sleep的特征，rapid for the first few minutes是stage 1 sleep的特征，整個睡眠階段都是有腦電波的，故A，B和C皆錯。
【作者建議】此題可用排除法。
3
短文大意
鏡片設(shè)計者可以比作棋手：棋手力圖將對手的棋在幾招之內(nèi)落入自己的圈套，鏡片設(shè)計者試圖捕捉光線。但比起棋手來說，設(shè)計鏡片者有一個很大的優(yōu)勢，即設(shè)計者可以自由獲得各種幫助�，F(xiàn)在的鏡片比過去最好的還好而且價格更低，結(jié)構(gòu)更復(fù)雜。這在很大程度上離不開科學技術(shù)，因為自始至終，如果只是一個人來設(shè)計好透鏡都是不切實際的。
31.答案D。
【參考譯文】 設(shè)計鏡片與下象棋相似之處在于……
【試題分析】 此題考查對文中有關(guān)長句子的理解。
【詳細解答】 見文章第一段四至六句，相似之處在于最終目標以及達到目標的手段都是 明確的，只是在任一環(huán)節(jié)上所作的任何一項決定都可能導(dǎo)致無數(shù)個結(jié)果。
32.答案B。
【參考譯文】 設(shè)計鏡片的最終目標是……
【試題分析】 此題考查對有關(guān)句意的理解。
【詳細解答】 見文章第三句“創(chuàng)造鏡片時，設(shè)計者試圖‘捕捉'光線，他們迫使源自物 體某個點的所有光線穿過一組曲度準確的透鏡，結(jié)果光線集中在影像的一個點上�！�
33.答案C。
【參考譯文】 接著這段文章之后，作者可能會談到……
【試題分析】 此題為推測作者下一步寫作內(nèi)容的題。
【詳細解答】 第一段的最后一句說“ this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses”，故C正確。contact lenses隱形眼鏡。
34.答案D。
【參考譯文】 下面哪個詞不能用來描述今天的鏡片？
【試題分析】 此題為推測題。
【詳細解答】 第二段第四句說“另外一些其設(shè)計有百年之老的鏡片現(xiàn)在可以大批量生產(chǎn) 且造價低廉�！备鶕�(jù)此句可推出現(xiàn)在的鏡片還保持著傳統(tǒng)，但并不能推出它們是“不受歡迎 的”。故答案是 D。
35.答案A。
【參考譯文】 今天的鏡片設(shè)計者……
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對最后一段話主要內(nèi)容的理解。
【詳細解答】 依據(jù)是第二段的第一句話。 B，C和D文章沒談到。decisive果斷的。
4
短文大意
本文是關(guān)于一本書的簡介。該書的第一部分和第二部分各章節(jié)的前后安排以及與之有的 事，該書第二部分在原來第二版的基礎(chǔ)上有一些改動，原來的第 8章“報告的特例”改為“ 非正式報告”，還在原來的基礎(chǔ)上重寫了“建議”這一章，并在內(nèi)容上有所擴充，還增加了新的章節(jié)。
36.答案A。
【參考譯文】 本文最有可能是什么書的前言。
【試題分析】 此題考查由文章內(nèi)容推測其領(lǐng)域范圍。
【詳細解答】 本選段講述了該書第一部分和第二部分各章節(jié)的前后安排以及與之有關(guān)的 事。從其內(nèi)容看應(yīng)是一本有關(guān)專業(yè)技術(shù)寫作的書的序言，這一點也可從第二段最后一句話看 出來。
37.答案C。
【參考譯文】 在第一部分，作者按什么順序排列以下章節(jié)。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對文章上下文線索的把握。
【詳細解答】 做此題時要注意第一段和第二段中的大寫字母，因其表示專有名詞，還要 注意以下各詞： start with,then,follow和chapter on(論述……的章節(jié))。
38.答案C。
【參考譯文】 在哪一章可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些寫作練習
【試題分析】 此題為辨認細節(jié)題。
【詳細解答】 見文章第二段第二句。
39.答案D。
【參考譯文】 根據(jù)本文“技術(shù)信息口語表達”這一章出現(xiàn)在 該書的哪一版哪一部分？
【試題分析】 此題為判斷理解題。
【詳細解答】 根據(jù)第四段第一、二句話可知此章節(jié)出現(xiàn)在第三版該書的第二部分。
40.答案B。
【參考譯文】 關(guān)于新一版的第二部分以下哪一項不正確
【試題分析】 此題為判斷理解題。
【詳細解答】 根據(jù)第四段第二句可知 Oral Presentation of Technical Information是個全新的章節(jié)，而不是一個經(jīng)修改的章節(jié)，故B不符合原文，是答案。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知第八章的標題換了，原名是“Special Types of Reports”，現(xiàn)名是“Informal Reports—Their Variation in Form and Purpose”，故A和D符合原文。第四段第一句說Proposals這一章節(jié)先出現(xiàn)在第二版本上，在此版本中此章節(jié)重寫了并且大大地擴充了內(nèi)容，據(jù)此 可推知 B不符合原文。
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