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大學(xué)英語四、六級考試新題型調(diào)整的說明
自2013年12月考次起，全國大學(xué)英語四、六級考試委員會將對四、六級考試的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測試題型作局部調(diào)整。調(diào)整后，四級和六級的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測試題型相同。以下是由陽光網(wǎng)小編整理關(guān)于大學(xué)英語四、六級考試新題型調(diào)整的說明，希望大家喜歡!
一、試卷描述
四級和六級的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)、測試內(nèi)容、測試題型、分值比例和考試時間如下表所示：
二、新題型說明
1. 單詞及詞組聽寫
原復(fù)合式聽寫調(diào)整為單詞及詞組聽寫，短文長度及難度不變。要求考生在聽懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，用所聽到的原文填寫空缺的單詞或詞組，共10題。短文播放三遍。
2. 長篇閱讀
原快速閱讀理解調(diào)整為長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對應(yīng)任何一題。
3. 翻譯
原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展等。四級長度為140-160個漢字;六級長度為180-200個漢字。
三、成績報道
成績報道分為總分和單項分。單項分包括：1)聽力，2)閱讀，3)翻譯和寫作。
四級聽力改革情況及樣題解析
四級聽力最新題型：
測試內(nèi)容
測試題型
題量
分值比例
短篇新聞3段
選擇題(單選)
7題
7%(每題1分)
長對話2篇
選擇題(單選)
8題
8%(每題1分)
聽力篇章3篇
選擇題(單選)
10題
20%(每題2分)
1，四級聽力之不變：長對話/篇章聽力
原來的長對話(long conversation)和篇章聽力(passage)從題型長度難度上都是沒有變化的，所以大家正常備考就可以。但要注意的是分值的變化。長隊話由原來的7題變成的8題，分值依然是1分/題。而篇章聽力卻變成的2分/題(原來1分/題)。對于篇章聽力容易走神，考點把握不住，音義形無法對應(yīng)的同學(xué)是個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。
2，四級聽力之變化：短對話變新聞;取消短文聽寫
原Section A中的短對話(Short conversation)變成了短篇新聞(news report)。共3段新聞，每段新聞后有2-3小題，只讀一遍。下面我們來解析一下最新樣題：
Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.
B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.
解：通過選項中的關(guān)鍵詞attack, Somali rebels, explosion, killing, blast我們可以預(yù)測這是一篇關(guān)于爆炸襲擊的新聞。第一題是爆炸事件地點，傷亡等信息的描述，第二題考時間。
原文：Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.
The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
1. What is the news report mainly about?
2. When did the incident occur?
解：兩道題都是細節(jié)題，并且沒有干擾項。新聞第一句“Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.”可以確定答案B。“Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check.”爆炸發(fā)生在安檢時，答案C。
Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.
3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.
B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
C) It remains competitive in the recession.
D) It will expand its online retail business.
4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.
B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.
C) Cut its DVD publishing business.
D) Sell the business for one pound.
解：選項關(guān)鍵詞close, store, quality, goods, competitive, recession, expand可以預(yù)測出和公司發(fā)展或經(jīng)營情況有關(guān)。
原文：Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street. It’s been in business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.
The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in trouble for years.
Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers.
Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.
3. What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?
4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?
解：“Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.”對應(yīng)第3題的A選項，第4題的D選項。但錯誤選項的部分信息也有被讀到，例如：DVD publishing business, 25000 employee等，考生需要注意區(qū)分。
Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.
5. A) All taxis began to use meters.
B) All taxis got air conditioning.
C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.
D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.
6. A) A low interest loan scheme.
B) Environmentalists’ protests.
C) Taxi passengers’ complaints.
D) Permission for car advertising.
7. A) There are no more irregular practices.
B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.
C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.
D) New legislation protects consumer rights.
解：選項中taxi, cab判斷和出租車有關(guān)，具體關(guān)于出租車計費器，空調(diào)，廣告等問題。
原文：Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair.
After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.
The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour.
5. What change took place in Cairo recently?
6. What helped bring about the change?
7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?
解：“That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis.”本句removal和同義替換第5題的replace，答案選A;
“…a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars.” 第6題細節(jié)題，選A。
“they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares.”標志詞“because”+細節(jié)答案，詞、選C.
3、四級聽力小結(jié)
短篇新聞的'無論從音頻長度，詞匯難度都要大大超越之前的短對話。此題對考生的預(yù)測，替換，細節(jié)聽力，注意力的集中都有更高的要求。
六級聽力改革情況及樣題解析
調(diào)整后六級聽力部分的試題結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：
測試內(nèi)容
測試題型
題量
分值比例
長對話2篇
選擇題(單選)
8題
8%(每題1分)
聽力篇章2篇
選擇題(單選)
7題
7%(每題1分)
講座/講話3篇
選擇題(單選)
10題
20%(每題2分)
1、 六級聽力之不變
原來的長對話題型不變，依然是2篇。但題目數(shù)量由7道題增至8題，依然每題1分;篇章聽力題型不變，但題目數(shù)量由原來的3篇共10道題減少至2篇共7題，每題1分。題型及難度沒有變化，考生可參考舊題。
2、 六級聽力之變化
短對話取消，聽寫取消。增加講座/講話題型3篇共10道題，每題2分，是六級聽力考試乃至全卷的'關(guān)鍵。
下面我們就來詳細解析一下新題型：
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.
B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.
C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.
D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.
17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.
B) The feeling of not being important any more.
C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.
D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.
18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.
B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.
D) The possession of wealth and high respect.
19. A) The urgency of pension reform.
B) Medical care for senior citizens.
C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.
D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.
原文：
Moderator:
Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:
Dr. Miller: Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.
For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.
Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
First of all, I’d like to talk about . . .
16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books?
17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?
18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?
19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?
解：這是一篇關(guān)于老齡化社會，老年人的晚年生活等問題的演講。
16題：選項investigate，issue, describe等詞可以預(yù)測話題或研究目標及內(nèi)容。“…has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years.”答案位置文章開篇，細節(jié)題同義替換older換senior, 選B。
17題：選項loss, not being important, unable等詞預(yù)測老年人生活遇到的困難或問題。原文“My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years.”原文細節(jié)題，選D。
18題：“their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.”轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系處，細節(jié)題，答案A。
19題：選項中pension, medical care, roles, public facilities預(yù)測是老年人福利或提供公共設(shè)施等信息。原文“and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.”細節(jié)明示題，答案選D。
3，六級聽力小結(jié)
原來考生相對容易把握的題目短對話和聽寫取消，增加文章更長、詞句更復(fù)雜的演講題型，并且賦予極大的分值;對于考生考點掌握熟練度，聽音辨識敏感度考察力度增加，這會進一步拉大不同水平的考生分數(shù)差距。不掌握考試規(guī)律，認真練習(xí)精聽，通過六級考試可能會成為讓你很頭疼的一件事了。
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